http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/9e81e593d1335776256cd0652aca4a19.jpg 65b1b17c8cc16d152c3ea153e5c21a38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 1] [corresponds to front cover of Superior Facts booklet] SUPERIOR FACTS THE PAPER MAKERS CHEMICAL CORPORATION AND ASSOCIATES Copyright Paper Makers Chemical Corporation, 1930 RALPH M. SNELL, Editor VOL. 4 SEPTEMBER, 1930, NUMBER No.3 Paper Making in Delaware County, Ohio [photo: Old dam and mill site, Stratford, Ohio] STRATFORD, a scenic spot on the Olentangy River in Delaware County, Ohio, was once a thriving paper mill village. Today only shrub and vine covered ruins of the old mills and dam remain to hint of its former paper making activities. While Stratford does not re- semble that more famous English Stratford-on- Avon, for which it was named, in natural beauty the Ohio Stratford does not suffer by comparison. The earliest commercial references obtainable state that a grist mill was built in Stratford about 1808. The builder's name is not mentioned, but the record reveals that the property eventually was purchased by Forrest Meeker. He rebuilt and enlarged the mill in 1829 making of it a substantial structure of stone, and adding facilities for carding and fulling wool. The first deed mentioning it as a mill property was recorded August 15, 1832. This deed conveying the property from Forrest Meeker to Forrest Meeker, Jr., for a price of $4,000.00. Samuel Lantz next pur- chased the property at the same price, October 17, 1836, and he in turn sold it to Hosea Williams and Caleb Howard for $5,500.00, June 5, 1838, describing it in the deed as the Meeker Mill property. A Delaware County history written in 1880 by W.H. Perrin and J.W. Battle, gives the following account of the first paper mill on this property: "Sometime in the early thirties Caleb Howard, an enterprising, speculative sort of a man conceived the idea of establishing a paper mill at what is now Stratford, and succeeded in interesting Judge Hosea Williams, a safe, cautious business man in the project. (Judge Hosea Williams came of Welch parentage. He was born in Berkshire County, Mass., August 3, 1792, was educated, and clerked in a general store in Pittsfield, Mass. He came to Delaware County with his parents in 1817. He died February 12, 1876.) "In the Spring of 1838 the old flouring mill, with the mill privileges and property, were bought, the old dam replaced by a splendid stone structure and a paper mill put in operation October 1, 1839. John Hoyt was the first superin- tendent. He gave the classic name of Stratford to the place. On October Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 1) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/4ec0ae4639e60797592763f81daafce2.jpg 589cfdf4d883d9e7d9fa84b490caa067 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 2] SUPERIOR FACTS 2 30, 1840, a fire badly damaged the mill. In three months it was re- paired and improved." [photo: Delaware Mill, Stratford, Ohio] LIST OF PEOPLE IN PICTURE: Artie Benson, William Cunningham, George Comode, Cora Price, Frank Price, James Price, Joshua Stickney, Joe Swartz, Jake Sherer, Davie Bauder, Abe Swartz, Enoch Shelly, Vance Jaycox, Atwood Smith, Henry Sherer, Frank Jaycox, John Jaycox, Albert Johnson, James Osborn, Com Allen, William Osborn, Henry S. Breyfogle, George Osborn, Jacob Allen, Edgar Anderson, Joe Wood, Gib Harrington, Henry Heidman, Harvey Anderson, Walter Osborn, L.H. Breyfogle, Dick Corbin, Charlie Allen, James Allen, Captain E.M. Eastman, Mary Stew- ard, Mary Pierce, Mary McClure. Hiram G. Andrews, a Delaware merchant, who was born in Franklin County, Ohio, July, 1813, purchased half of Caleb Howard's holdings in the mill property for $9,000, on September 5, 1843, and the balance, for $10,000, on April 25, 1845--in all, a five-twelfths interest in the business. In 1849 the old flouring mill was fitted for the manufac- ture of half a ton of wrapping paper daily. About ten men were em- ployed. On February 27, 1857, the entire plant was burned with a loss of $25,000, the insurance not exceeding $10,000. In November, 1857, a two- story stone building about 50x80 feet, with several additions was built at a cost of about $30,000. By this time the mill was recognized as the most important paper mill west of the Alle- ghany Mountains. At the time of the fire the firm had accounts of $10,000 due from the State, and in 1861 they had a large contract with the State which, owing to the unforeseen and extraordinary rise in the paper market, they were compelled to ask to have rescinded. The main mill manufactured print and book papers and the one on the site of the old flouring mill furnished wrapping paper. An Artesian well sunk 210 feet through solid rock furnished water for purifying purposes. Steam furnished power during low stages of water. ANDREWS AND PERRY COMPANY Wishing to retire from the business Hiram G. Andrews, on June 10, 1865 deeded "for $5.00 and love and affection" his five-twelfths interest in the business to his son James. James Andrews then purchased a one-twelfth interest from Hosea Williams for $2,000. Norman D. Perry, who was superintendant of the mill, also purchased a one-twelfth interest from Williams for $2,000, and the mill was operated as the Andrews and Perry Company. In the late sixties, Abraham Dewitt and his brother-in-law, a Mr. Brown, with his son operated the mill possibly by lease, as there is no record of ownership. There is also mention of Abraham and Isaac Vought, who were related by mar- riage to Perry, having been interested in some way. On August 25, 1870, John H. Mendenhall, a successful Delaware merchant, purchased the half interest of James Andrews for $20,000, and the name of the concern was changed to the Delaware Paper Company. DELAWARE PAPER COMPANY The first edition of Lockwood's Paper Mill Directory, 1872, lists the mill as having one 42" and one 48" cylinder machines making newsprint, book, tea wrap- per and tissue papers in one mill and straw wrapping in the other. The business evidently was prosperous for Mr. Mendenhall purchased another mill at this time in Henry, Ill., on the Illinois River. This Mill made a ton of newsprint daily on a 54-inch cylinder machine. Associated with Mr. Mendenhall were two sons of his Stratford partners, Hiram R. Andrews and Albert Perry. These young men managed the Henry mill. In 1873 and 1874 Norman D. Perry, Jacob L. Klein and Andrew J. Clark purchased small interests in the Stratford mill. On August 1, 1874, Andrews sold his interest in the Henry mill to Isaac Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 2) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/84d4ed1742d0be6e45a1ca8c25e77b1c.jpg 1abf07b834aca8b01122d341678c845a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 3] SUPERIOR FACTS 3 Vought, of Stratford. Shortly after, the Henry mill burned. Unfortunately the insurance had been allowed to lapse and Mr. Mendenhall was a heavy loser. He was obliged to pay indorsed notes held against the company. The Stratford mills were operated as a partnership and Mr. Mendenhall, being a man of means, was held for its obligations. An assignment was made by Perry, Klein and Clark for the benefit of the creditors. The assets were not sufficient to meet the claims of the creditors. Mr. Mendenhall's claim was a personal one for notes given when he sold his stock. Those loses practically ruined him financially, and coupled with a general business depression the mills suffered accordingly. Lack of orders and run-down equipment made operating expensive. Operations were finally sus- pended in 1876. The organization was bankrupt and an assignment was made by Perry, Klein, and Clark on behalf of the creditors. After a hard fight by Mr. Mendenhall the courts established a value of $36,540 on the property. About this time the Hill Brothers, Frank A. and Fred P., successful farmers and stock raisers of Delaware County, and grandsons of Hosea Williams, one of the original owners of the mill, were anxious to reopen the mill. They obtained the property at the court sale on April 10, 1877. With them in the enterprise were their father, Chauncy Hill, and a nephew, Velorus T. Hill. THE HILLS PAPER COMPANY This new organization operated the mills under the management of Fred P. Hills. Frank A. Hills was in charge of manufacturing, but having no working knowledge of the business he was obliged in 1879, to secure the services of Solomon Wagg as superintendent. Mr. Wagg had been running a machine at the L.L. Brown Mill of North Adams, Mass. Mr. Wagg soon left Stratford to run the mill at Woodsville, Ohio, William Osborn succeeding him. Mr. Osborn also came from the L.L. Brown Mill. The Hills were not successful as paper manufacturers and sold the mill on March 13, 1882. Joshua R. Randall of Elkhart, Ind., a paper salesman with some prac- tical knowledge of papermaking, induced Charles W. Edsell, and Nelson W. Mills, merchants of Ostego, Michigan, to invest with him. They formed a partnership known as Randall-Mills and Edsell. [photo: Another view of Stratford Mill Hills Paper Co.] RANDALL-MILLS & EDSELL The new owners took over the mills, Mr. Randall acting as manager and superintendent. Matters went poorly and Mr. Edsell moved to Delaware and took over the mill management. Adam Glass, a salesman of Buffalo, N.Y., joined him and together they purchased the interests of Randall and Mills. GLASS-EDSELL PAPER COMPANY The property was sold for $60,000 to the Glass-Edsell paper Company, Incor- porated, December 18, 1884, the incorporators being Adam Glass, Charles W. Ed- sell, Amasa Burch, Edward Fowler and William Corner. Mr. Corner, or Connor as some of the records give it, was superintendent. Many improvements were made. A mile spur track was built off the Hocking Valley Railraod to the mill, eliminating the three-mile trucking to and from Delaware. In 1884 they installed a 60-inch Black and Clawson Fourdrinier machine and in 1885 a second 48-inch Fourdrinier was installed, replacing the clylinder machines. Owing to lack of power for competitive production the buisness again proved unprofitable and re- sulted in a total loss to the stockholders. An assignment was made on December 7, 1893. THE DELAWARE PAPER COMPANY This company was incorporated February 24, 1894, and started to make straw wrapper on the two Fourdriniers, but soon changed them over to cylinder ma- chines. Lockwood's 1894 Directory lists the mill as having one 12,000 lb., three Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 3) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/8f1d567f1342520b18aff4a0ea87900b.jpg 0c2bc3fbe8766b50947a8e96c4fbee5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 4] SUPERIOR FACTS 4 800 lb., one 400 lb. and one Hoyt engine; one 62 inch and one 44 inch cylinder machines making 16,000 lbs. of straw wrapper in twenty-four hours. Julius Cohn, president and Max H. Lowenstein, secretary and treasurer. STRATFORD PAPER MILLS--WESTCOTT AND SCANLON Robert Scanlon operated the mill in 1897 and 1898 as the Stratfrod Paper Mills, making straw-rag and manilla lining paper. The Stratford Mills were succeeded in 1899 by Westcott and Scanlon, operated a short time and closed permanently. A success was never again made of the mills. The machinery was sold to Seromlin and Westcott and Herbert Peck purchased the real estate for $2,000, according to records, February 11, 1899. Herman Reidel was the last superintendent to operate the mill. In 1900 Robert Scanlon was active in organizing the Brownstown Straw Board Paper Company, who purchased the two machines in the Stratford mill, equipping a mill at Brownstown, Ind, now the Kieffer Paper Company, where these original machines are still in operation. In 1902 the Columbus, Delaware, and Marion Electric Railroad Company pur- chased the Stratford Mill property and converted the buildings into a carbarn and repair shops. On December 15, 1927, the buildings were totally destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. The big flood of 1913 destroyed the waterpower and as there is not the volume of water that formerly flowed through Olentangy River, there is little possibility that this will ever be developed again for power or manufacturing purposes. Of the people formerly associated with these mills, Charles W. Edsell, after failing to make good at paper making, returned to Otsego where he has been very successful as a real estate operator. He is in good health and with his wife cele- brated their fifty-first weddng anniversary in Florida last winter. Fred Palmer Hills, former manager of the mill, is now associated with the Delaware Savings Bank. James Price, an old time employee, is living retired at Stratford. Geo. Hesser, former superintendent of the Riverside Paper Company, Appleton, Wis., but now retired was once a machine tender at Stratford. Harman Breyfogle, the first backtender on "The big 60-inch Fourdrinier" is now living at White Pigeon, Mich. Herbert A. Breyfogle, a former cutter boy at the Stratford Mill, now has an M.D. added to his name and is a successful physician of Kansas City, Mo. Roy Breyfogle, son of Harman Breyfogle, who also started at the Stratford mill is now superintendent of the Eddy Paper Company at White Pigeon, Mich., and Charles McClellan, former Stratford machine tender is now superintendent of the Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Company, of Kalamazoo, Mich. Our thanks and credit for much information in the foreging history are tendered to Bert White, Recorder of Delaware County, O.; Miss Della Weiser, Librarian, Delaware Public Library; C.C. Moyer, of the Columbus, Delaware and Marion Electric Railroad; Charles Edsell, Otsego, N.Y.; and E.S. Menden- hall, son of John H. Mendenhall, who has an abstract office in Delaware.--Editor. Chain, Chain, Who Made the Chain ? In July Number of Superior Facts we told how Lime Rock, Conn., forges were said to have produced the chain that was stretched across the Hudson River in Revolutionary days to prevent British warships from reaching West Point. George Gammie, assistant superintendent of the Rolalnd Paper Company, St. Jerome Quebec, tells us that while he was superintendent at a mill in Moodna, N.Y., he heard similar claims for the forge at Moodna. Since publishing the Lime Rock item we have heard similar claims of forges in Saratoga and Columbia Counties, N.Y. From what we learn this famous chain was hurriedly put together and every available forge was pressed into the service of making portions of it for the emergency. We will be pleased to receive and publish any definite facts regarding the actual making of this chain from our readers.--Editor. Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 4) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/03faab50ea9f5585f015c13a48f54e69.jpg cd99398b483435e21024733886f7fd02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 5] SUPERIOR FACTS 5 "Lou" Breyfogle's Autobiography [photo: L. H. Breyfogle] I was born in Stratford, Ohio, and started my career in the paper industry at the age of thirteen as a cutter boy in the old Stratford Wrapping Mill which was then owned by the Randall-Mills and Edsell. Later came my pro- motion to backtender and three years after I was assigned as machine tender at the daily wage of $1.25. Six months later I became machine tender for the Hastings Paper company, Enon, Ohio, under S.W. Sroufe, who is now superintendent of the Dresden Paper Mills Company, Dresden, Ohio. I worked there for about two years, saving sufficient money meanwhile to take a course in a business college. I next secured a machine tending job in the F.J. Diem and Company mill, Dayton, Ohio. Two years later this mill was taken over and closed by the Columbia Straw Paper Company. I then went with the Nixon Paper Company, Richmond, Indiana, set up an old Fourdrinier and started on lightweight bag paper. I was with this mill until it closed. In 1893 I returned to Stratford to work for the then new Delaware Paper Company. From there I went to Steubenville, Ohio, to run a machine for Hartje Brothers under Tom Bygot, superintendent. I was with this Company two and a half years. The Tarentum Paper Mills installed a new machine and I joined them as a machine tender for one year. From this mill I went with the Harvey Paper Company, Wellsburg, West Virginia, to run a machine that the Black and Clawson Company had removed from a Louisville, Kentucky, mill and rebuilt. My next move was to the Ford Manufacturing Company, Clinton, Iowa, and soon after I went to Alexandria, Indiana, to run machine for the Alexandria Paper Company, where I remained for eighteen months. Wehn the Wayne Mill, Hartford City, Indiana, installed a new machine, I went with them to start it up. Next I joined with John and Al Wiley in a lease of the old National Paper Company, Waterloo, Iowa, and ran it a short time. I next went with the Chicago Coated Board Company. Tom Harvey, now manager of the Gardner Harvey Paper Company, was superintendent. I moved on to the Beveridge Paper Co- pany and ran a machine for them, leaving to go with the Franklin Manufactur- ing Company, Franklin, Pa. W.D. Boyce had purchased this mill and J.E. Daley was superintendent. Mr. Daley hired me to dismantle the mill and after it was shipped to Marseilles, Illinois, I set up the machinery and started the mill. From there I went with the Marion Paper Company, and then with the Ohio Boxboard Company as superintendent. I was with this company thre years, after which I joined the Western Board and Paper Company as super- intendent. I built and started up this mill. Later I went with the Oscar Felt and Paper Company, and rebuilt it as a board mill, the name being changed to the Michigan Box Board Company. From this mill I went to Kalamazoo, Michigan, as superintendent of the Standard Paper Company. I was with them about three years. After this I went with Mr. G.H. Nood, president of the River Raisin Paper Company, as general superintendent of the Bogalusa Paper Company, and was with them during the building and starting up of this mill. My father, Henry S. Breyfogle, started to work as a teamster for the Andrew, Perry and Mendenhall in 1858. He later became a machine tender, and the most of this time as beater engineer. I can remember old Joe Phillips when he ran a machine at Stratford, but only for a short time as he was noted as being "the tramp paper maker." I also remember when Jack Simington worked in this mill, and both of them have had many meals at my home. NOSEY HILL ESCAPES WINTER Nosey Hill, one very cold winter, when jobs were hard to get, came to Strat- ford pooly clothed, hungry, and jobless. A watch had been stolen in the com- (Continued on Page No. 8) Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 5) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/31db6675fb268028d0ba7ac065fcf634.jpg 0fadad518f1111310a541d9236031ba6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 6] SUPERIOR FACTS 6 Our Rogues' Gallery [photo: Adult Book Louse About fifty times natural size] For future identification we present the picture and life story of another criminal in "the world of paper." PSOCIDAE CORRIDENTIA alias PSOCIDS or BOOK and DUST LOUSE This pest is probably more disgusting and annoying than it is destructive. It only feeds on the paste and glue used in binding books or the animal or vegetable substance of surface sized or coated papers when they are damp. A. E. Back, Entomologist, in Farmers Bulletin No. 1104 of the United States De- partment of Agriculture, tells us in part: "Book lice or psocids are the tiny white or grayish-White insect-, scarcely as long as the width of an ordinary pinhead, and often much smaller, that scurry across the pages when old, musty books are opened. "They appear in houses in greatest num- bers during late summer and early fall, and are more abundant in damp, well-shaded rooms not in general use, and in houses long closed. Very few are found in bright, sunny, dry rooms in constant use. "Book lice run in a halting fashion over everything in the house. They feed on all sorts of vegetable and animal matter. It is not often that they become abun- dant, and when they do, they attract attention more by their annoying presence than by the actual damage caused. They injure man in no way and are there- fore unlike the true lice. "The book lice that occur in houses have no wings and are seldom one- sixteenth of an inch long, often much smaller. They are pale colored, almost white when young, hut as they grow older are darkened somewhat by the food they have eaten, for this shows through their more or less translucent bodies. When old, musty books are opened suddenly, the book lice may be seen scurry- ing across the pages in a halting and uncertain fashion, and frequently they are noticed upon door screens, window panes, furniture, books and photographs or upon almost any object in the room. "Book lice thrive best in closed rooms that are warm and damp. Seldom are they noticed in light, airy rooms in constant use. They are found in houses that have been closed all summer. They die off during cold weather, but may leave behind them eggs which hatch the following spring to furnish the infesta- tion for the succeeding year. Ordinarily they do not become abundant enough to attract attention until late summer or early fall. "Upholstered furniture and mattresses Stuffed with straw, husks, hair, feathers or moss are especially favorable places for their multiplication, and in the worst cases of infestation on record the psocids have come from such sources. They have been found in myriads in straw in barns and stables, in the straw coverings of wine bottles in cellars, and in rooms in which tow used in the manufacture of upholstered furniture is kept. "One record on file indicates the usual history of infestation. In a new house kept by very neat occupants a mattress of hair and corn husks which had been purchased not more than six months before was found in a badly infested condition after the house had been closed about six weeks. It was so covered with psocids that a pin could not he stuck into the mattress without piercing an insect. The side of the sheet next to the mattress was likewise covered, and a further search showed the walls and the entire house to be swarming with the tiny pests. A sweep of the hand over the walls would gather them by the thousands. Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 6) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/8167f874c1f1c38964e415e923a93a4b.jpg afaa3cbd0a31bcdbdf521c06cd974018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 7] SUPERIOR FACTS 7 HOW TO CONTROL BOOK LICE IN HOUSES "Where only a few book lice are present, a thorough cleaning, airing and drying of the room is all that is needed, provided the source of infestation is within the room itself. As many as possible of the objects in the room should be removed and thoroughly sunned on a bright day. The room should be heated to a temperature of from 120 to 140 degrees F.'. for several hours. Psocids are soft-bodied insects and succumb to a long drying due to heat. Where rooms are located on the ground Hour in loosely constructed buildings in shaded and damp situations, as are many summer cottages, so many psocids come in from the outside that almost no treatment will entirely rid a room of them. "When book lice swarm in alarming numbers over and throughout a room the breeding places should be located at once. If the source is old straw or husk fillings of mattresses, these should he removed and burned wherever pos- sible. Thorough fumigation with the fumes of sulphur,* 1 pound of sulphur being burned for each 1,000 cubic feet of space, is effective. Where other pests are present, such as bedbugs, and where the bleaching effects of the fumes can lie disregarded, as in barracks, .5 pounds of sulphur will prove effective. During fumigation the rooms should he kept closed as tightly as possible, and after five or six hours opened from without and thoroughly aired. Fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas is very effective, hut dangerous in the hands of inexpe- rienced persons.(See Farmers' Bulletin 699.) "Closets, boxes, trunks and sometimes even entire rooms, where infested ob- jects are kept near the floor, can he fumigated satisfactorily with carbon disul- phid. (See Fanners' Bulletin 799.) In addition to cleanliness and plenty of sunlight, licit or fumigation, wherever it can be applied, will yield the best results, if the source of infestation has been removed." The Cambridge Natural History book on insects says: "One specie of the family of Psocidea, Clothilla Pulsatora, is widely known as the 'Death Watch' owing to the belief that it is able to make a peculiar ticking noise supposed to be prophetic of the decease of some individual (human not insect). The Rev. W. Derham, who two hundred years ago was rector of Upminster in Essex (England) gave an account of the ticking of the dentil watches to the Royal Society. He said: 'I am now so used to and skillful in the matter as to be able to see and show them beating almost when I please by having a paper with some of them in it, conveniently placed, and imitating their pulsations which they will readily answer.' He said he could only hear them when it was done on paper and that the death watches would tick for hours at a time resembling the ticking of a watch." "*Before resorting to sulphur fumigation the householder should be warned that sulphur fumes can unite with moisture in the air to form sulphuric acid, thus having a bleaching effect upon wall paper and other articles, as well as tarnishing metals of all sorts. The damper the house, the greater the bleaching. In houses thoroughly dried by heat very little bleaching occurs. (Householders possessing homes furnished with rare or valuable articles should never use sulphur.)" BOYS OF THE GAY '90s DO YOU KNOW THEM? [photo: Left to right:?"Count" Kuppers of Arabol Mfg. Co., E. J. "Ted" Pope and J. J. Sullivan. Taken at Delaware Water Gap, Pa., 1900.] Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 7) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/a469a15efc3d30b4bd6140e09c38fc4b.jpg ff73b542412cf944a9236ecec1aa0d55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 8] SUPERIOR FACTS 8 Paper ? How She's Made? From "Consolidated News," published by the Consolidated Water Power and Paper Co. God bless these tourists that come from far and near, wanting to go through a paper mill. "I came all the way from Iowa just to see how paper is made," they say. Others happened to see the smoke stack and thought they would drop over. We enjoy the college eo-ed or schoolma'am, studying industrial problems, getting ready to write an article on "From Logs to Paper" or something like that. Recently a not bad looking dame in her middle thirties appeared and uttered a wish to visit the mill. She was getting information for a thesis so we took her at her word and also took her by the arm and guided her hither and thither. "I will send you a copy of my thesis," quoth she,--and here it is: WOOD comes into the paper mill in rafts, gondolas or hookahorns and dumped into a pond containing hot water. In the wood room there are a large number of men engaged in sawing the logs in two and throwing them into huge revolving tubes which scrape off the bark and broom the ends sufficiently to permit it to be ground into chips. The chips travel on a belt to the sulphite mill where they are put into a rotating device called a sulphur burner. Here the wood mixes with sulphur and then the chips are cooled off in the cooler, ready for making paper. Some of the wood goes to the grinder room and ground Op, where a high pressure water pump forces the wood from the bins to the grindstone, resulting in a pulpy substance which is pumped to the suction presses. The free stock flows freely, while the slow stock travels more slowly. Before the pulp gets to the paper machines, it is passed through screens which take out the foreign material from Canada. The paper machine is a huge device consisting of a lot of rolls which revolve at the rate of 500 to 1,000 feet per minute. The pulp first goes through a copper screen called a wire, then into a wire pit where the fibres are criss-crossed by the machine tender.The back-tender takes care of the backside of the machine. The paper is then pulled through perforated rolls, called suction rolls, by means of vacuum pumps. These pumps are kept in a vacuum. In order to get the paper in good shape for printing it must be dried and then wound on reels where it is rubbed thoroughly with clay, alum, chlorine and jordans. In the boiler house there are large stokers filled with tubes and super heaters. The coal is emptied into a hopper on the roof and let down to the boilers, first passing through the preheaters and then through stokers and economizers. Attempt is made at all times to keep water in the boilers, otherwise the fireman would he put to considerable inconvenience. In the power plant are the generators which are filled with coils, volts and switch panels. The water rushes through the generators, causing them to revolve and produce thousands of kilowatts. These kilowatts are used in the process of paper manufacture. Story of Osborns Soon Limited space prevented us from publishing the history of the Osborns in this issue. In our October issue, we will carry a brief story on William Osborn, his son, George Osborn, and his grandson, Clarence Osborn. William and George Osborn were closely associated with the early days of paper making in Strat- ford, Ohio. (CONTINUED FROM PAGE No. 5) munity, and although Nosey was innocent, he was blamed for the theft. When arraigned before the Judge, Nosey said: "I plead guilty, Judge, but I did not steal the watch." Thus Nosey obtained three meals a day and a lodging place for the winter. Mr. Breyfogle is now Western representative of Draper Brothers Company, manufacturers of paper makers felts, with headquarters at Kalamazoo, Mich. To him we are obligated for much of the information regarding the Stratford Mills. Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 8) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/ab2b6fc6b3ee20c76062706fbe8bd4e4.jpg ab4a49ea7920ba11e8b419ec69a4eebf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 9] SUPERIOR FACTS 9 E. W. Howard, An "Old Guard" Veteran [photo: Edward W. Howard in 1885] In his own words and style, Mr. Howard relates the following highly interesting side lights of his career in paper making and the history of the old Strat- ford Mills. To old friends, Mr. Howard will be better known as Edward W. Hougawout, the later name having been changed in re- cent years for the sake of brevity and clarity. Mr. Howard now resides at Kau- kanna. Wis., and we wish to credit and thank him for much of the information used in our story of Stratford. "I was born in Andover Township, Sus- sex County, New Jersey, of Colonial Scotch Irish and Dutch stock. My maternal grand- father did costume weaving. My paternal grandfather owned and operated a saddlery ?harness shop, we would call it. Before railroads were so common all heavy freight was carried across the country by great canastoga wagons drawn by four, six, or eight heavy mules. The great demand for saddles and harness made the saddlery busi- ness very important and profitable. "I do not remember much about home or conditions there before the Civil War since I was only five years old when the war broke out. My father enlisted on the first call, leaving his little mason contracting business which his business friends absorbed during his absence. That made it necessary for us to strike out for ourselves as soon as we were old enough. "My mother's folks were interested in a paper mill at Stratford, Delaware County, Ohio. Before I arrived in 187J the old owners had died or sold out. This mill was three miles from any railroad, on the west side of the Olentangy River about twenty-five miles north of Columbus. It had a good stone dam with water power six or eight months in the year. This company owned a straw wrapping mill up near the dam, which was operated when there was surplus water power. That old wrapping mill was a relic of tile middle ages. The machine was hand made?that it, built up of scraps, odds and ends from the machine in the lower mill. It was tied up and wired from stem to stern. The two beaters were driven by a spur gear off a water wheel, one beater being on either side of tile spur from which both were driven. The lower, or 'white mill," as it was called, had been built originally for a writing paper mill and had been operated as such for many years. "When I arrived on the scene they were making newsprint entirely of rags, on a little machine a man could reach across. In Delaware, two and a half miles from the mill, there was man named Blackwell who ran twenty-five tin peddler wagons out into the country trading tinware for rags, brass and copper. Black- well sold those rags to the nearest paper mills. Stratford mill employed forty to sixty girls in the rag room. They made nineteen sorts of these nice clean country rags. They sold new white cotton cuttings, new white linen cuttings, new brown linen cuttings, new brown cotton cuttings, soft wool, hard wool, all wool blankets, half wool blankets, number one all white no seams, number two old white with seams, and light calicoes. I have forgotten how to classify them now. My first job was baling up the sorts that were sold. The new cuttings were shipped to Massachusetts and the woolens to Philadelphia. I managed to work through the mill in a year or two. "The machine was one of the first cylinder machines with six dryers, pro- ducing in twenty-four hours about twenty-four hundred pounds of all rag paper used for print. If they had stuck to writing paper or tissue it would not have been so bad, but to use such stock for print was a crime. But what would Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 9) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/adcefa4208dc3aec1bce04d90f22f799.jpg 6734ac3d8086a096b6fd0f0c249363ba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 10] SUPERIOR FACTS 10 you expect, there was no modern paper maker in sight. The stock was bleached with powder instead of liquor, colored white with ultramarine blue, mea- sured up with a tin cup instead of being weighed. No red was used. Rosin was put in the beaters in paste form instead of being dissolved in water. It looked dark red like soft soap made with wood ashes. The paper was hard and strong. It should have been since it was made by strong, hard-boiled people. That Stratford was a hard joint at that time. After I had been there a year or two the company went bankrupt and was bought out by Hills Brothers, local men in the town of Delaware. One of the Hills, Frank, was a gentleman farmer. [photo: W. Howard today] He was made manager. He was a fine person but knew nothing about the business. They put a teamster on to run a machine. The young man was all right as a teamster hut knew nothing about paper making. Two or three of the machine boys and myself were the only old men in the mill. We had a lot of sport with the new machine tender. One day we pursuaded him that the dryer bearings were getting hot, burning. He shut the machine down and tried to cool them off by pouring water on them. "I worked pretty much all through the mill?rag room, heater, steam engine, tiring, and even filled the rotary and cut rags. When I left I was running the beaters. They had two two hundred fifty-pound beaters and one six hundred- pound beater nd two three hundred-pound washers. The mill was then in very bad repair. It was no unusual thing to shut down two or three hours for repairs. One day the main three-inch line shaft broke, and had to he taken down to a blacksmith shop to be fixed. We shoved one end through the front door and the other one in the back, got the two ends together in the forge fire, put the heat on, jammed the two ends together, smoothed it up, straightened it out and put it back. It ran without ever going into a lathe. That was some job even for this day. "My next jump was to Ohio, with Woodsdale Chatfield and Woods of Cin- cinnati. Next I went to Batavia, Illinois, July 1, 1880. The Van Nortwicks had converted the old Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad shops into a paper mill. It had three machines and just started a new ninety-two inch Four- drinier, the largest in the west at that time. They were making straw print, eighty-five per cent, straw and five per cent, rag, and about ten per cent, ground wood. It had five large digestors using straw from nearby farms. They did not buy and store the straw at that time. The farmers brought it in under contract and there seemed always to be a surplus. The help were a wild and wooly lot. Whiskey was cheap and lots of it was consumed. I only stayed there four months. The job was too much for any one man. They emptied from forty-two to forty-five beaters and four washers, and there were no Jordans in the mill. We were at it all the time. The beaters were never all furnished at one time. "The beater helpers had to help fill straw digestors three or four times at night. That put the beaters back and altogether it was a rush job, a two man job. On October twenty-eight, I had a row with the boss about one of the machine tenders who would be drunk all day and try to work his night shift. I was the goat for his lessened production, or smaller rim of paper. On the train into Chicago on the morning of November 1, 1880, the boss jollied me and tried to have me return to work because he had found out where the trouble had been in his mill. But I did not go hack; I had had enough of that stuff, and, let me add that during my forty-eight years in the mill my only serious trouble came from drinking mates, drinking helpers, and also drinking bosses, the last being the worst of all. Prohibition may not function as some believe, but the drunken boss is a rare bird in the year of Our Lord 1930, while in 1880 he was only too common. "My next job was in the Mead and Nixon Mill, Dayton, Ohio. John Luke, one of the founders of the West Virginia Paper Company, was superintendent of the mills. One machine was on hook and one on manila wrapping paper made of pine and spruce. They had the pulp made in their own pulp mills just Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 10) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/8083276dd8aac02120e5242e917dffce.jpg 96c9a09436d9b2020530409e2c08331f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 11] SUPERIOR FACTS 11 across the street. I got a lot of experience here for John Luke was a first class paper maker. "I left Dayton and went to work for the Miamisburg Paper Company at Miamisburg. Boss Hughes, a Scotch-Irish boy, was superintendent. One day he told me to go out and help fight ice on the racks, and I told him to go to a warmer place. That was in February, 1881; I bad been there since December, 1880. There I met Cuningham, Johnson, and other old timers from the other mill, the Ohio Paper Mill. I did not get along very well with my boss so I left the Miami Valley and went to South Bend, Indiana. "I found the South Bend mill more modern, three machines, all water power, but no Jordans yet in my experience. Before I left South Bend they had in- stalled a Brightman refining engine. It was cone shaped about four feet long and three feet across at the big end and tapered to about eighteen inches at the small end. It was failure; no more of that type were built as far as I know. The first time they shut down after I went there was January 20, 1883. John Bolton and I went to the Franklin Paper Company at Franklin, Ohio. We remained there till May, 1883. The South Bend Company reorganized and sent for us so we went back. They got a superintendent from Ohio to run the mill in mid-summer. He cut every man's pay on September 1, 1883. I quit along with every other paper maker in the mill and went to the new mill at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, which had been promoted by the same William Beach who built the South Bend Mill. "Eau Claire was at that time a lumber town with eight large saw mills. The paper mill was on the Chippewa Lumber and Boom Company's dam. They had one seventy-six inch Fourdrinier machine, two six hundred-pound beaters, washers, Jordan, and four Datvon wood grinders. They made print from rag and ground wood. There was a surplus of water power at all times; the best power I ever worked on. I went there as a beaterman, then they put me in the rag room as foreman. Ted Pope became manager and Elmer Pope foreman. The mill was a wooden shell stuck up on the bluffs so near the dam that they tapped the dam with the forehay within twenty feet. We were never bothered with ice. The water wheels were set too high and when water went down, the steps would burn out. That was how Ted Pope lost his big toe, going after the men when they were putting in new steps. When they had fooled along for a year or two putting in new steps they finally lengthened out the draft tubes. Here was a good chance for a mill, good water, plenty of money, and every- thing necessary but it was not a success. The Davises of Neenah bought it and rebuilt the whole plant. "When I arrived in the Eau Claire mill things were not in such good shape. Drainers were all filled with rags that were not cooked. The half stuff was full of colored threads which could not he bleached out so it made specks in the paper; the color was off, and the wood pulp showed slivers which made the sheet rough. We got the rags cooked by putting a padlock on the steam valve of the rotary. They fired with wet green slabs and when the steam went down the firemen would shut off the rotary to save shutting down the paper machine. There was nothing in Eau Claire for me hut trouble. "I jumped from there to Rockland, Delware. Went to work for William Luke in the Rockland mill, Jessup and More Paper Company. This was October, 1886. I was thirty years old. I stayed with Mr. Luke for four years and learned many things from him, how to make stuff on time and a lot about coloring paper. This was an up-to-date concern; everything in good running order and the dis- cipline in the mill was perfect. In March, 1890 we moved to Appleton, Wisconsin, to work for the Fox River Paper Company. The Lincoln Mill had just been finished. We started on all rag bond, fine, and superfine. It ran the first seven years without a jordan. In all those years we dragged along with ice and low water. The power never was sufficient. From 1890 to 1915 it was h?l, one long nightmare, when I look back at it all. I worked from one job to another and when I quit in 1920 I was honored with the title of assistant superintendent. Ernest Timm was my boss. I was sixty-four years old. "I don't think paper making has been much of a trade since the jordan and sulphite pulp came into use; nor is the paper the same. New standards are being established by young men coming into all branches of the production and selling departments of the game, making for many radical changes. But who cares? Who knows the difference?" Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 11) http://www.delawarecountymemory.org/files/original/c9e91be8a212ec0bc6b8455886301ac6.jpg 62003600e1d9049a5a6701752ba3196b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource [page 12] [corresponds to back cover of Superior Facts booklet] SUPERIOR ROSIN [SUPERIOR CHEMICALS TRADEMARK] SIZE CHEMICALS and SERVICE Twenty-three Superior Plants with Ocean Transport, Railroad, Rolling stock, and 200,000 Acres Rosin Producing Forests The Most Extensive Organization of its Kind in the World Pro- ducing, Distributing and Servicing Chemical Products for the Pulp, Paper and Coating Trades Paper Makers Chemical Corporation Easton, Pa. Kalamazoo, Mich. Holyoke, Mass. Savannah, Ga. Portland, Ore. Atlanta, Ga. Albany, N. Y. Milwaukee, Wis. Marrero, La. Carthage, N. Y. Jacksonville, Fla. Stoneham, Mass. Lockport, N. Y. Pensacola, Fla. Boston, Mass. PAPER MAKERS CHEMICALS, LTD. Erith, Kent, and St. Austell, Cornwall, England VERA CHEMICAL CO. OF CANADA, LTD. Freeman, Ontario SUPERIOR PINE PRODUCTS CO. Forest Headquarters, Fargo, Ga. PAPER MAKERS IMPORTING CO. Easton, Pa. St. Austell, Cornwall, England GEORGIA-LOUISIANA CORP. East Point, Ga. Marrero, La. C. K. WILLIAMS & CO. Easton, Pa. Emeryville, Cal. Malaga, Spain GEO. S. MEPHAM & CO. East St. Louis, Ill. ANCHOR CHINA CLAY CO., LTD. A. S. H., LTD. Fal Valley, Anchor and Kerron, Cornwall St. Austell, Cornwall, England MELANGOOSE CHINA CLAY CO., LTD. St. Austell, Cornwall, England CENTRAL TREIVESCOE CHINA CLAY CO., LTD. St. Austell, Cornwall, England SUPERIOR TRADING & TRANSPORTATION COMPANY Boston, Mass. "There is a SUPERIOR PLANT Near You" PRINTED IN U. S. A. Title A name given to the resource Superior facts (p. 12) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stratford Description An account of the resource The September 1930 issue of Superior Facts (vol. 4 no. 3) containing a history of paper making in Delaware County, Ohio. Specific focus is on the paper mills in the Village of Stratford. This item is held by The Delaware County District Library. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Superior Facts Description An account of the resource The September 1930 issue of Superior Facts (vol. 4 no. 3) containing a history of paper making in Delaware County, Ohio. Specific focus is on the paper mills in the Village of Stratford. This item is held by the Delaware County District Library. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Superior Facts (vol. 4 no. 3) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930 Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 22221000 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph M. Snell, Editor Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Subject The topic of the resource Buildings--Historic--Village of Stratford--Delaware County--Ohio Mills--Paper making--Village of Stratford--Ohio Village of Stratford--History--Delaware County--Ohio